A DOI is a digital object Identifier, which is a unique string of numbers, letters, and symbols that identifies a document or article and provides it with a permanent web address. An example is https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2021.1883996. Because it is a permanent address, most referencing styles don’t require the reference to include an access date.

A URL is the address of a web page, and you use ‘a’ before it, not ‘an’: eg Type a URL into a browser’s address bar. It is an abbreviation from the 1990s for abbreviation for ‘uniform (or universal) resource locator’. An example is  https://premium.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/url?q=URL  Because it is not a permanent address, most referencing styles require an access date.

For more information, see


Published on: Nov 29, 2024 at 12:22

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